Science Vocabulary 1 (Study of life)

1. biology: is the science that studies living things and the ones who were once alive.

2. light microscope: is a microscope were the light passes throught the object you are seeing an then throught 2 or more lenses.

3. stereomicroscope: are microscopes used for seeing object throught which light can´t pass throught.

4. International System of Units: is a measuring system based on units of 10.

5. meter: an SI unit of length.

6. volume: is the ammount of space a substance ocuppies.

7. kilogram: the SI unit of mass.

8. celsius: the SI scale for tempeture.

La vocacion de Joe Burkinshaw.

Buenos dias, Buenas noches, ó Buenas tardes amantes de la literatura hoy les voy a hablar acerca de la obra La vocacion de Joe Burkinshaw. Este libro se trata de un muchacho pobre del año 1830 que enfrenta la dura realidad de trabajar todo el dia en una mina de carbón desde los siete años. En esta historia escrita por Geoffrey Kilner, Joe Burkinshaw, pierde a su hermano, es comprado por los ricos del pueblo, escapa a otro pueblo y es esclavizado para trabajar forzadamente. En esta obra el autor relata la triste verdad de estos tiempos. Aquí les dejo la portada de la obra por si quieren leerla.

Predicting Traits

What determines how offsprings look? There are two possible factors for a trait. Each parent, like a coin, haves two factors for a trait. A scientist named Punnett discover a way to predict how will be the outcome of crossing two different forms of a trait. This method was named Punnett square. There are other methods such as pedigree that are used to trace the history of traits in a family. In pedigrees some individuals are called carriers. A carrier has inherited a factor for a trait but does not show it.

Learning about Heredity

This topic is about how can we predict traits. Something that we need is the probability. Probability is something that will happen or also called chance.How do we predict inherited traits? We can predict inherited traits by a table called Punnett square. In the Punnett square we used two letters: capital letter and lowercase letter. The capital letter means dominant trait and the lowercase letter means recessive trait. What is a pedigree?  A pedigree is a chart of the trace of a family history. For the chart we used: circles, squares, vertical lines, and horizontal lines. The circles mean the mother, the squares mean the father, the vertical lines marrige, and the horizontal lines their children. Inside the pedigree some individual are called carriers. And for last is the incomplete dominance. The incomplete dominance results when no one of the traits complete the other.

Earth Geologic Time

Until the mid of 1800's most of people thought that the Earth was only a few thousand of years old. But today there is more scientific evidence that some of Earth rocks are billion of years old. But how we can predict the age of an rock? Finding the age of a rock is based on two ideas:

• Superposition: this idea is a simply theory that says that the older layer is at the bottom and the youngest one is on the top.
• Original horizontaly: this other idea recall that sedimentary rocks are form in horizontal layers one in the top of  the other.

Scientists can use this two ideas to tell the relative age of a rock. The relative age of a rock is the age of a rock compared with other rock. This scientific experiments permit to know which layer is older.

Th Rock Cycle

The rock cycle is the proccess of like the life of a rock.There are some steps for the process to begin and end.
The first is when the magma gets out of the volcano. Then when the lava frozen it gets throught the ground and then it converts into igneus rock. The rock continues and the by the pressure of the layers that are around the rock and gets closer to the center of the world and the rock converts into sedimentary rock, well the layers push and push the rock until the moment reach and transform the sedimentary rock into a metamorphic rock. Then we it melts from any point connect to a volcano the process begins again because this process is endless.

Lift carry And Drop

We can learn what happen with erosion and what happen with weathering and that there are five forces to make weathering to a rock and they are: Water, Wind, Technology, Plants, and temperature, this topic also teach us that humus is minerals that are in the soil, that the soil is rich in minerals. then it teach us that there are three soil, they are top soil, sub soil and BED ROCK.

Building Up and Breaking Down

As the crust moves, the rocks of the crust can change. Sometimes, when it moves it squeezes and form different types of mountains. Here i'll show you 2 types of them. The first of them is the fold mountains. A fold mountain is a montain that instead of having a peak at its end its make up of curves. An example of it are the Apalache Mountains. Now I will talk you about the fault-block mountain. This type of mountain is formed when the plates tectonics collide and superposition takes place.

Vocabulary #6 (Earth and Sun)

1. rotation: a complete spin on axis.

2. International Date Line: the 180° line of longitud.

3. standard time zone: a belt 15° wide in longitude in which all places have the same time.

4. revolution: one complete trip around the Sun.

Vocabulary #5(The Tools of Astronomers)

1. universe: everything that exists.

2. telescope: a device that collects light and makes distant objects to seem closer and larger.

3. refraction: the bending of waves as they go from one substance to another.

4. reflection: the bending of waves off an object.

5. wavelenght: the distance from one peack to the next on a wave.

6. frequency: the number of waves that pass trough a point in seconds.

7. electromagnetic spectrum: waves of light in order by wavelenght.

Vocabulary #4(How Inclined Planes Work)

1. Inclined plane: a straight, slanted surface that is mot moved when use.

2. screw: a inclined plane wrapped around a central bar.

3. wedge: one or combination of 2 inclined planes.

4. compound machine: a combination of 2 or more simple machines.

5. efficiency: a ratio of work done by a machine compared with the work put in the machine.

Vocabulary #3 (Simple machines)

1. Simple machine: a device with few parts that makes it easier to do work.

2. Effort force: the force applied to a machine.

3. Resistance force: the force that a machine acts against.

4. Lever: a simple machine made of a rigid bar ona pivot point.

5. Fulcrum: the pivot point of a lever.

6. Mechanical advantage: the number of times a machine multiplies the force applied.

7. Pulley: a grooved wheel that turns by the action of a rope in the groove.

8. Wheel and axle: a simple machine made of a handle or axis attached to the center of a wheel. 

Vocabulary #2 (Energy and Work)

1. Potential energy: the energy stored in an object or material.

2. Gravitational potential energy: the potential energy of an object located above the ground.

3. Kinetic energy: the energy of an moving object.

4. Work: force applied to an object times the distance the objects move.

Vocabulary #1 (Newton's Laws)

1. Force: push or pull exerted by an object on another.

2. Friction: a force taht opposes the motion of an object in contact with surface.

3. Drag force: a force that opposes the motion through liquids and gases.

4. Gravity: a force of attraction that exists between all objects with mass.

5. Net force: the combined effect of all the forces acting on an object.

6. Balanced forces. forces that cancel each other when acting on a single object.

7. Unbalanced forces: forces that do not cancel each other when acting on a single object.

8. Inertia: the tendency of an object to oppose a change in motion.

9. Momentum: the mass of an object multiplied by its velocity.